Sort of a Personal Butterfly Effect

When I was about ten, I got my hands on a box full of books that came from the library of a New Jersey Catholic High School in the Philadelphia area.  It had a lot of stuff I wasn’t interested in but it did have a few items that I was.  There were copies of two books by C.S. Lewis; “The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe” and “The Screwtape Letters.”  The first book whetted my appetite for fantasy and the latter was an oddity that combined a comedic take on the devil with theology that didn’t currently interest me.

But a third book that was in that box was a book on astronomy.  It was called “Neighbors of the Earth.”  It was a collection of articles from the astronomy magazine “Sky and Telescope” that concerned the planets and other bodies that travelled around our star and made up the solar system.  For a young boy many of these articles were somewhat opaque because spectrographs were beyond my level of scientific accomplishment.  But there was plenty of things I could understand that changed a lot of the “facts” I had about the planets that I had begun to accumulate from science fiction stories.  The statement that, “the atmosphere of Venus consists largely of carbon dioxide” seemed to put the kibosh on my idea of a planet colonized by humans working on farms raising tobacco and coffee.  Later on, the surface temperature being 600 degrees Fahrenheit sealed any hopes of Venusians of any kind.  Then, the article, “Is There Vegetation on Mars?” provided the death blow to my thoughts about Martians.

But the book had many thought-provoking and for me enjoyable articles.  An article called, “Internal Structure of Jupiter and Saturn” introduced me to the concept of “metallic solid hydrogen.”  The idea that a gas could be turned into a solid metal was so exotic to my juvenile understanding of science that it probably sparked my first wishes to understand the mysteries of chemistry.

But looking at the book recently, I noticed that I never was very interested in the mysteries that surrounded the relatively recently discovered planet Pluto.  Even back then, the fact that Pluto seemed much too small to account for the perturbations in the orbit of Neptune was very disturbing to the astronomical community.  So, theories to explain this included either trying to convince themselves that Pluto’s diameter was much larger than observed or that its density was enormously higher than any other body in the solar system.  There was an “experiment” with metal balls of different materials and coated with materials of differing reflectivity to show how “specular reflection” could make a larger object look much smaller.  I’ll have to say it wasn’t very convincing.  And this made me think of all the current theories using dark matter and dark energy that are being used to explain measurements that defy the current models of how the universe works.  And this reminds me that our knowledge is always incremental and that we will never have all the answers.

But it’s interesting to see how that one box of unwanted books seems to have informed many of my intellectual leanings.  Sort of a personal butterfly effect.

Betelgeuse to Provide Fireworks for My Grandchildren to See (Maybe Me?)

Some astro-physicists have calculated that the bright red giant star Betelgeuse in the shoulder of Orion will probably reach its supernova event within a few decades.

And I quote:

“CONCLUSION
We have found carbon-burning models that excite the radial fundamental mode, as well as the first, second, and third overtones. The
periods excited pulsation modes agree with periods of 2190, 417,
230, and 185 d that had been detected in Betelgeuse. On the HR diagram, these models are located within the allowed range of effective
temperature and luminosity of Betelgeuse. Beginning with a mass
of 19 𝑀⊙ at ZAMS (with a rotation velocity of 0.2 or 0.4 𝑣crit), the
models lose significant mass mainly in the core-He burning stage to
MNRAS 000, 1–11 (2023)
Pulsations of Betelgeuse 7
have a mass of 11 ∼ 12 𝑀⊙ in the core carbon-burning stage. A large
radius of about 1300 𝑅⊙ (needed for the long-period fundamental
mode) is supported by interferometric measurements of the angular
diameter combined with the distance. We conclude that Betelgeuse
should currently be in a late phase (or near the end) of the core carbon burning. After carbon is exhausted in the core, a core-collapse
leading to a supernova explosion is expected in a few tens (of) years.”

Note that last line, IN A FEW TENS OF YEARS.

So even an old guy like me may live to see a close supernova in the sky.  That’s pretty exciting.  Apparently Betelgeuse has reached the stage where it is fusing carbon into magnesium and based on the pulsations in the size and brightness of the star, it’s about to run out of carbon.  Since it’s not big enough to go through another higher round of fusion it’s going to collapse into a neutron star via an incredibly violent supernova.  It will be as bright as the half moon and will be seen even during the day.  Sounds pretty exciting.

What’s Worse, Dark Energy or Non-Metric Gravity?

Regular readers are aware of my disdain for Dark Energy and Dark Matter.  These are hypothetical entities that apparently can’t be detected but which allow astrophysicists to pretend they understand why physical measurements of the universe don’t correlate with the estimates they make about things like the mass of the galaxies and the expansion of the universe.

Well I’m happy to report they’ve come up with another theory that at least allows them to get rid of dark energy.  It’s called non-metric gravity.  Of course I’m glad they’re getting rid of dark energy.  Getting rid of something that doesn’t exist is a helpful idea.  But I can’t say that the exercise they’ve gone through to “measure” the parameters in their new model is all that inspiring.  They take the gravitational constant and make it a function of the form:

F(Q) = α + βQn

And all three parameters are determined by curve fitting, using the available data from astrophysical observations like the red shift and microwave radiation densities.  And unsurprisingly they are able to make the hypothesis fit the data.

Now does this prove anything?  Certainly not.  But at least it doesn’t require inventing ubiquitous non-existent particles that are indetectable and inexplicable.  And to my way of looking at things it’s the beginning of an approach that may start to unravel the baffling problems that astrophysicists are confronted with when they look at the universe on the grand scale.

Now if only they can man up and admit there’s no such thing as dark matter they might start to gain my respect back again.  Sir Isaac forgive them.  They’re not very bright.

14MAR2023 – Microscopic Images – Space Zoom

I guess this is the opposite of a microscopic zoom.  Pretty cool zoom.  I’ve always been a fan of the Andromeda galaxy.  I’ve done some astrophotographic shots.

How Far Out There is Out There?

Have you ever wondered how far away is the farthest visible galaxy?  Or what is the heaviest balck hole so far observed>  How about what is the fastest orbital speed of an object revolving around another stellar object?

Being a life-long nerd I enjoy nothing better than to see the latest high-end astrophotography and reading the highest exponential distances, masses and speeds tacked onto these images.

Well Astronomy Magazine has an article called “The most extreme celestial objects in the universe.” that answers some of those questions with lots of beautiful and intriguing astro-photos and other visuals.

Well, sometimes we have to step back from politics and smell the roses or gawk at the latest eye-candy taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).  After all this is Orion’s Cold Fire.

 

 

 

Behold Arrokoth! The Jeb Bush of the Solar System

Out beyond Pluto in the Kuiper Belt, in the doldrums of the solar system, the forces of gravity were powered by a tepid gruel of space dust so thin that when this material accreted into larger bodies the collisions were so “low energy” that you end up with a dumbell formed by two nearby planetoids colliding in super slow motion.  In recognition of its defining characteristic I think it should be renamed Jeb!

Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse!

Forgive the jocularity but Alpha Orionis (aka Betelgeuse) is of course of great interest at Orion’s Cold Fire.  Sporting such an alarmist title as “Is Betelgeuse About To Explode?” I should condemn this article but as a general interest essay and coming around the time of the Star of the Magi I felt I should link to it.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/12/25/is-betelgeuse-about-to-explode/#69d9c21d47bf

 

Have You Ever Wondered Why Uranus is Lopsided?

That wasn’t meant as an insult!

https://apnews.com/d1e2c440af57450ab82b62d035adac61

Apparently several billions of years ago it was side-swiped by a planet at least twice as big as Earth and has been out of kilter ever since.  Probably a female planet like Venus not paying attention to the road (sorry Camera Girl, I had to say it).

Interesting article.  They even tackle the embarrassing alternate pronunciation for the planet’s name.